Shell na tube heat exchanger (STHE), wanpela bilong ol heat exchange divais we planti manmeri i save yusim long ol indastriel aplikesen, i gat tupela -flo straksa we ol i wokim bilong "shell sait" (we wara i ron namel long sel na tiub bandel) na "tiub sait" (we wara i ron insait long tiub bandel). Maski ol bikpela gutpela samting bilong en i stap long stap gut, inap long senis, na inap long trastim, sampela hevi i stap bikos long ol 'structural characteristics'. Dispela wok painimaut bai glasim ol dispela strong na wiknes long ditel, wantaim ol spesifik aplikesen senario we i soim ol operesenel baundri bilong ol:
Ol bikpela gutpela samting: Em i gutpela long ol kompleks indastrial kondisen, strongpela reliabiliti
Ol gutpela samting bilong ol 'shell' na 'tube heat exchanger' em bikos long strongpela 'structural design' na 'mature manufacturing process' bilong en, na em i gutpela tru long taim bilong bikpela presa, bikpela hat, bikpela ron na ol narapela hatpela wok kondisen, we yumi ken tok sot olsem 5-pela poin:
1. Hai presa na hai tempereja tolerans, straksel stebiliti
Shell tube type shell (planti taim kabon stiel, steinles stiel o aloi materiel) na hat eksens tiub (olsem seamless steel paip, steinles stiel paip) ol i wokim wantaim tikpela wol, we inap long karim bikpela wok presa (inap long moa long 30MPa) na bikpela tempereja (-200 ~100 digri), na i no isi long bagarap presa i senis o 'thermal shock'.
Olsem, insait long wok bilong petrokemikel indastri, ol 'shell' na 'tube heat exchanger' we ol i save yusim long ol 'catalytic cracking units' inap long karim bikpela hat antap long 400 digri na presa antap long 10MPa longpela taim, na 'operation failure rate' i liklik long ol narapela kain 'heat exchanger' (olsem ol 'plate heat exchanger').
2. Bikpela prosesing flo, i gutpela long ol indastrial skel diman
Ol i ken wokim 'tube bundle' olsem "multi-tube process" (olsem 2-process, 4-process), na 'shell process' inap long mekim gutpela wok bilong tilim wara long ol 'baffle plates'. Hat trensfe eria bilong wanpela ikwipmen inap long kamap planti tausen skwea mita, we inap long inapim hat trensfe rikwaemen bilong ol bikpela flow fluid (olsem kondensa insait long pawa plent na kol wara hat eksens insait long bikpela friji sistem).
Skelim: plet hit eksenja i gat mak bilong plet eria, maksimum hit eksens eria bilong wanpela yunit i no save winim 1000m2, tasol sel na tiub inap long brukim 5000m2, we i gutpela moa long ol bikpela indastriel samting olsem kemikel na pawa indastri.
3. Fluid adaptability em i bikpela, i ken wok wantaim ol kompleks midia
Em inap long yusim long holim bikpela 'viscosity', liklik hap bilong ol liklik samting na ol wara we i isi long skelim (ol i mas bungim wantaim wanpela spesel disain, olsem bikpela 'heat exchange tube', 'anti-clogging baffle'):
Long ol wara i gat 'viscous' (olsem krud oil, 'lubricating oil'), 'shell side baffle' inap long brukim 'fluid boundary layer' na daunim 'retention';
Long wara we i gat liklik hap strongpela samting (olsem 'pulp', pipia wara), yu ken makim wanpela paip we i gat φ25mm o moa long en bilong abrusim 'blockage';
Plet hit eksenja em i isi long ol liklik hap samting o ol liklik wara i pas long en bikos i gat liklik spes namel long ol plet (planti taim 2~5mm), na inap long senisim em i liklik tru long sel na tiub.
4. Liklik kos bilong mentenens na bikpela mentenens isi
Planti ol 'shell' na 'tube heat exchanger' (olsem 'floating head type', 'U-tube type') ol i ken rausim olgeta, olsem na ol i ken klinim 'tube' na 'shell' long rot bilong masin (olsem 'high-pressure water jet cleaning') o senisim ol 'heat exchange tube' we i bagarap pinis, na ol i no ken rausim olgeta ikwipmen;
Olsem, ol i save lukautim 'cooler' bilong wanpela kemikel entaprais long olgeta 6-pela mun. Dispela 'floating head shell tube' i nidim 1-2 de tasol long pinisim 'tube bundle extraction', klinim na 'resetim', na 'plate heat exchanger' i nidim long rausim planti handet plet, na wok bilong lukautim em inap long 3-5 de.
5. Gutpela proses bilong wokim ol samting na kost bilong en we yu ken bosim
Ol bikpela samting bilong sel na tiub (sel, tiub bandel, tiub pepa) em i wanpela standet prosesing, i no gat nid long ol kompleks mol, na ol samting bilong makim em i fleksibel (kabon stiel, steinles stiel, titanium aloi, na ol narapela), bihainim ol wok kondisen bilong bihainim gutpela kos-ifektiv skim;
Skelim: ol liklik 'heat exchanger' (olsem 'spiral plate', 'plate shell') i save gat 20%~50% moa long pe bilong wokim ol samting winim ol 'shell' na 'tube' 'heat exchanger' wantaim wankain 'heat transfer area' bikos ol i gat planti samting na ol i save stretim gut.
Ol bikpela hevi: i no gat planti wok na i no gat spes, na ol i no inap long senisim ol samting
Ol hevi bilong sel na tiub em bikos long ol pasin bilong en olsem "non-yunifom ron bilong sel wara" na "straksa i no strong tumas", we i gat ol klia sotpela samting long ol senario we i gat bikpela askim long hat trensfer efisiensi na spes yutilisesen. Tru tumas, yumi ken tok sot olsem 4-pela poin:
1. Liklik hat trensfer efisiens na bikpela eneji konsumsen
Wara long sait bilong sel i pas long 'baffle', na dispela i isi long kamapim wanpela "dead zone" (eria we wara i holim wara), na 'flow rate' bilong en i save stap daunbilo long sait bilong 'tube' (planti taim 0.5~2m/s), na dispela i save kamapim liklik 'heat transfer coefficient' long sait bilong 'shell' (taim wara -, 'heat transfer coefficient' em i olsem 1000~3000 W/(m2· digri ));
Skelim: 'plate heat exchanger' bikos wara namel long ol 'plate' i save pairap (flow rate 1~3m/s), 'total heat transfer coefficient' inap long kamap 3000~6000 W/(m2· degree), aninit long wankain 'heat exchange demand', 'shell' na 'tube' eneji i save yusim 15%~30% antap long plet.
2. Bikpela sais na liklik spes yusim
Bikos long liklik 'heat transfer coefficient', long kisim wankain 'heat exchange effect', 'shell' na 'tube' i nidim bikpela hap bilong 'heat exchange', na dispela i mekim na volium na hevi bilong ol ikwipmen i bikpela moa long 'compact heat exchanger';
Olsem, long kisim wanpela 'heat transfer load' bilong 1000kW, volium bilong 'shell' na 'tube' em inap olsem 20~30m3, na 'plate' i nidim 5~8m3 tasol, olsem na 'shell' na 'tube' i no inap long ol samting we i no gat planti spes (olsem klinpela rum bilong ol marasin, sistem bilong senisim hat bilong sip).
3. Wok bilong klinim sel em i hat na isi long skruim wok bilong en
Maski ol i ken rausim 'tube bundle', em i hat long klinim gut insait bilong sel (espeseli spes namel long 'baffle' na 'shell', na liklik spes namel long ol 'tube bundle'). Sapos ol i prosesim wara we i isi long skelim (olsem hatpela wara na pipia-we i gat proses fluid insait long en), orait 'scaling layer' insait long sel bai kamap tik na 'heat transfer efficiency' bai go daun (heat transfer efficiency bai go daun long 10%~15% long olgeta 1mm inkris long 'caling thickness');
Skelim: 'all-welded plate heat exchanger i no inap long klinim wanpela 'dead space' insait long 'shell' long rot bilong CIP (online cleaning) sistem, na hevi bilong skelim em i liklik tru olsem bilong 'shell tube type'.
4. Limited thermal compensation capacity na aplikebol ranj bilong tempereja difrens
Insait long 'fixed tube sheet shell' na 'tube type' (em i isipela kain straksa), 'tube sheet' i pas strong long sel. Sapos tempereja difrens namel long 'tube flow' na 'shell flow' i bikpela tumas (olsem moa long 50 digri), 'tube shell' bai kamapim 'thermal stress' bikos long ol narapela narapela 'thermal expansion coefficients', we inap long mekim 'tube sheet' i senis o 'heat exchange tube' i lik, olsem na em i gutpela long putim wanpela "ekspansen" join bilong kompensesen;
Maski 'floating head type' na 'U-tube type' inap long stretim hevi bilong 'thermal compensation', straksa bilong en i hat moa (kost i go antap long 15%~20%), na wok bilong klinim 'tube course' bilong U-tube type em i hat (insait bilong U-tube i no inap long tatsim).
Samting: Ol samting we i ken kamap i makim seleksen
Shell na tube heat exchanger em i no wanpela "all-pepos ikwipmen", seleksen bilong en i mas bung wantaim wok kondisen:
● Ol samting we i mas kamap pastaim:bikpela presa na bikpela tempereja (olsem 'petrochemical reaction heat exchange'), bikpela ron (olsem pawa plent kondensa), liklik hap/bikpela viskositi wara (olsem 'pulp cooling'), ol indastrial senario we i gat bikpela wok bilong lukautim;
● Yu mas makim gut dispela piksa:spes i sot (olsem klinpela woksop), liklik eneji konsumsen (olsem sivil hiting), isi long skelim na klinim planti taim (olsem kaikai na dring sterilisasen) ol piksa (moa rekomended plet, spiral plet na ol narapela kompak hat eksena).
Long sotpela tok, ol 'shell' na 'tube heat exchanger' em ol "gutpela pilaia" insait long indastrial fil na ol i no inap senisim ol long ol kompleks na hatpela wok kondisen, tasol ol i mas givim rot long ol moa gutpela 'heat exchange' ikwipmen long painim gutpela na 'compactness'.
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